People have an increasing demand for additional functions of various products as technology advances and the quality of life increases. For example, besides basic functions, people hoped to expand or improve fabric functions. To allow for multiple functions, fabrics usually go through dipping, coating, or lamination processes to attach particles or ions with special functions to the fabric’s surface.

COVID-19 caused huge numbers of infections that lead to a continuous outbreak to become one of the most lethal epidemics in history. The infection is still spreading.